dorrisAtrial fibrillation (AFib) is the most common heart rhythm disorder, affecting millions of people worldwide. Although it may sound complicated, it’s important to understand how this condition works and why it’s so crucial to diagnose and treat it early.
What is Atrial Fibrillation?
Atrial fibrillation is caused by an issue in the heart’s electrical system, particularly in the atria, which are the upper chambers of the heart. When the heart’s electrical impulses become disorganized, it leads to an irregular heartbeat, known as arrhythmia. This can cause the heart to beat too fast, too slow, or unevenly, making it less efficient at pumping blood.
Around 1 in 30 adults experience AFib, and the risk increases as people age. It’s estimated that 1 in 20 people over 65 and 1 in 10 over 80 will have AFib.
In fact, the number of people with this condition is growing rapidly, and it’s predicted that within the next 30 years, the prevalence of AFib will double. It’s estimated that one in four people over the age of 40 will develop atrial fibrillation in their lifetime.
What Causes Atrial Fibrillation?
There are several factors that can contribute to the development of AFib, including aging, obesity, high blood pressure, diabetes, heart disease, and sleep apnea. These factors can all put extra strain on the heart and its electrical system, leading to the irregular heart rhythms associated with AFib.
One of the most concerning aspects of AFib is that it can increase the risk of stroke. The irregular heartbeat can cause blood to pool in the atria, leading to the formation of blood clots. These clots can travel to the brain and block blood flow, resulting in a stroke.
People with AFib are five times more likely to have a stroke and also face double the risk of cognitive problems like dementia.
Symptoms of Atrial Fibrillation
Many people with AFib experience symptoms like fatigue, shortness of breath, and palpitations (the sensation of a racing or irregular heartbeat).
However, some people don’t have noticeable symptoms at all. This makes it even more important to get regular screenings, as AFib may not be detected until it causes a complication, such as a stroke.
The Importance of Early Diagnosis
Early detection is key to preventing serious complications from AFib. The European Society of Cardiology recommends that people over the age of 65 should undergo systematic screening for AFib. This can be as simple as checking the pulse or getting an electrocardiogram (ECG), which records the heart’s electrical activity.
How Is Atrial Fibrillation Treated?
Once diagnosed, there are several ways to manage and treat AFib. The main goals are to prevent a stroke, control symptoms, and address any underlying health issues. Here are the main strategies for treatment:
- Preventing Stroke: Blood thinners (anticoagulants) are often prescribed to help prevent blood clots from forming.
- Controlling Symptoms: Medications or procedures, like catheter ablation, can help control the irregular heartbeat. During a catheter ablation, doctors use a catheter inserted through a vein to block abnormal electrical signals in the heart.
- Correcting Contributing Factors: Managing conditions like high blood pressure, obesity, or sleep apnea can help reduce the risk and severity of AFib.
Gender Differences in Atrial Fibrillation
Interestingly, research shows that women with AFib tend to experience more discomfort and a greater decrease in their quality of life compared to men. Women may also have a lower tolerance for antiarrhythmic drugs used to control AFib.
Despite this, women are often referred to specialists later than men, even though treatments like catheter ablation are just as effective for women as they are for men.
Here at Women’s Healthy Hearts, our mission is to raise awareness about the importance of early screening and treatment for AFib. By taking action now – whether through lifestyle changes, screenings, or seeking appropriate treatments – you can help prevent complications like stroke and improve your overall heart health.
If you or someone you know is at risk for atrial fibrillation, it’s never too early to get checked. Stay proactive and take steps to protect your heart!
